Did Lizza Connor Win Her Copyright Suit Agains Carrie Underwood
Упражнение 1.Заполните пропуски в таблице, образуя существительные (названия преступлений и преступников) и глаголы.
Crimes and criminals
| Offense | Criminal | Criminal deed |
| to offend | ||
| vandalism | ||
| abettor | ||
| aiding | ||
| spy | ||
| assassination | ||
| to hijack | ||
| to carjack | ||
| larceny | ||
| treason | ||
| gangsterism | ||
| to desert | ||
| to commit bigamy | ||
| speeder | ||
| blasphemy | ||
| to perjure | ||
| to swindle | ||
| bribery/bribe-taking | ||
| to extort | ||
| to embezzle | ||
| revenue enhancement evasion | ||
| counterfeiter | ||
| to abuse drugs | ||
| to tresspass | ||
| pilferage | ||
| piracy | ||
| money launderer | ||
| copyright infringer | ||
| child abuse | ||
| to joyride | ||
| defamer | ||
| to slander | ||
| to libel | ||
| conversion |
Упражнение 2. Прочитайте и переведите преступления и наказания. Определите, какие преступления тяжкие, а какие средней или малой тяжести, и напишите, следуя примеру, какое наказание следует дать за каждое преступление.
E.thousand. Murder is a major offence. I think that someone who murders somebody should be sentenced to life imprisonment.
Offences
1. murder
2. hijacking an airplane
3. kidnapping
iv. littering
v. writing graffiti on a public building
6. stealing a car
7. pickpocketing
8. stealing sweets
nine. making racket late at night
10. being on a autobus without a ticket
11. violent behaviour in a football game stadium
12. toxic waste pollution
Penalization
1. to be sentenced to life imprisonment
2. to be sent to prison
three. to exist fined a big/pocket-sized amount of money
iv. to exist given a suspended judgement
five. to do customs service
6. to be given a warning
Упражнение 3. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Classification of crimes
What are crimes?
It is very of import to know which acts are criminal.
Offenses Against Gild
The most fundamental characteristic of a offense is that it is a punishable criminal offence confronting social club. Consequently, when a crime occurs, society, acting through such employees every bit the law and prosecutors, attempts to identify, arrest, prosecute, and punish the criminal.
Elements of Crimes
Earlier anyone can be bedevilled of a crime, 3 elements commonly must exist proved at the trial. They are:
1. a duty to exercise or not to do a certain thing,
ii. a violation of the duty, and
3. criminal intent.
Duty.The duty to do or not to exercise a certain thing usually is described by statutes which prohibit certain acquit. Generally only behave that is serious – involving violence or theft of holding – is classified every bit an offense against society and therefore criminal.
Violation of the Duty . The breach of duty must likewise exist proved in a criminal trial. This is the specific conduct by the defendant, which violates the duty. For example, bombardment is e'er a crime. Criminal battery is oftentimes defined in statutes as «the intentional causing of corporal harm». Corporal harm ways bodily harm. A breach of this duty could be established in a trial by the testimony of a witness.
Criminal Intent. The tertiary element, criminal intent, by and large means that the defendant intended to commit the act and intended to do evil.
A few crimes do not require criminal intent. These are generally less serious crimes, for which a jail sentence is very unlikely. Traffic offenses autumn within this nomenclature. You lot may not have intended to speed or take intended evil merely you take still committed this criminal offence.
Today, statutes of most states fix the historic period of criminal liability at 18, just the effigy ranges from sixteen to 19. Statutes often provide that minors as young as 13 or 16 may be tried and punished as adults if they are accused of serious crimes such as murder. Generally, however, what is a offense for adults is juvenile delinquency for minors.
Ignorance or mistake is generally no excuse for violating a law. A person is presumed to know what the law is. To accept criminal intent, i must have sufficient mental capacity at the time i commits a law-breaking to know the difference betwixt right and incorrect and to exist capable of deciding what to practice. Accordingly, insane persons are not held liable for their criminal acts. Usually neither voluntary intoxication nor drug abuse is agood defense confronting a criminal charge.
HOW ARE CRIMES CLASSIFIED?
Crimes may exist classified in various ways. One blazon of classification is given beneath:
one. crimes against a person (murder, assault and battery, kidnapping, rape),
2. crimes confronting property (robbery, hijacking, embezzlement, receiving stolen property),
iii. crimes against the government and the administration of justice (treason, tax evasion, bribery, counterfeiting, perjury),
4. crimes against public peace and club (rioting, carrying weapons, drunk and disorderly conduct, illegal speeding),
v. crimes against buildings (burglary, arson, criminal trespass),
half dozen. crimes confronting consumers (fraudulent sale of wild cat securities), or
vii.crimes against decency (bigamy, obscenity, prostitution, sexual harassment).
Crimes are classified in terms of their seriousness every bit felonies or misdemeanors.
Felonies
A felony is a crime of a serious nature. It exists when the act:
1) is labeled so by law or
2) is punishable by expiry or confinement for more than one year in prison.
Murder, kidnapping, arson, rape, robbery, break-in, embezzlement, forgery, larceny (also called theft) of large sums, and perjury are examples of felonies. A person who lies when nether oath commits perjury.
Misdemeanors
A misdemeanor is a crime of a less serious nature. It is commonly punishable 1) by solitude in a jail for less than one year, 2)by fine, or 3) by both solitude and fine. Crimes such as drunkenness in public, driving an car at an illegal speed, shoplifting, and larceny of small sums are usually misdemeanors. A lesser misdemeanor is known equally infraction . Parking overtime on metered parking, declining to articulate snow from sidewalks, and littering are examples of infractions. Ordinarily, no jury is allowed in cases involving infractions because the punishment is no more than a fine.
Упражнение 4. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What is the most central characteristic of a crime?
two. What is a criminal conduct?
3. What are the iii elements of the offense?
four. What is the age of criminal liability?
five. What is a criminal intent?
6. What are crimes against a person?
vii. What are crimes confronting belongings?
8. What is a felony? Give the examples of felonies.
9. What is a misdemeanor? Give the examples of misdemeanors.
ten. What is the punishment for infractions?
Упражнение v. Соотнесите преступления с их определениями.
| 1. Robbery 2. Theft 3. Burglary or firm-breaking 4. Mugging 5. Pickpocketing half-dozen. Shoplifting 7. Assault 8. Rape 9. Kid abuse x. Vandalism eleven. Forgery 12. Conviction tricks 13. Arson 14. Murder 15. Homicide sixteen. Kidnapping | a) the stealing of any property, with the utilise or threats of force b) taking another's property with dishonest intent to permanently deprive the other of the property c) entering a building as a trespasser with intent to steal, or entering as a trespasser and then stealing anything in the building d) making a faux or fake re-create of something e) unlawfully causing damage to property f) theft from shops chiliad) unlawfully carrying-off a person in order to obtain a ransom h) causing criminal damage past burn i) inflicting unlawful physical and psychological damage to a child j) robbery of a person in the street g) unlawfully killing a person with intent to impale or cause grievous bodily damage l) deceiving someone into parting with property (usually coin) m) sexual intercourse without consent northward) frightening a person into thinking they are going to be hit, or actually hitting another (the after is called a "battery") o) includes all forms of unlawful killing, including manslaughter which is less serious than murder p) theft from a person'due south pocket or bag in the street |
Упражнение 6. Выберите значение подчеркнутого слова, исходя из предложенного контекста.
1. He carjacked a make new auto from a garage.
a) stole a car (sometimes at gunpoint) when its driver was in information technology
b) robbed a person in a car
c) burgled a car
ii. Teenagers are very ofttimes involved in joyriding .
a) funny tricks
b) stealing a car from a pleasance of driving it, often at very high speed
c) driving a car and assaulting people
three. After a robbery, the criminals had tried to make their getaway before the police arrived on the scene.
a) to make an alibi
b) to brand their escape
c) to hide
4. A getaway car was found abandoned most the river.
a) stolen automobile
b) a car which criminals utilize to escape
c) a cleaved car
5. The law caught a robber with his ten,000 pound haul .
a) credit carte du jour
b) money taken by theft
c) bonds
6. If a robbery is foiled , the robbers do non get what they came for.
a) dangerous
b) is frustrated
c) stopped
7. If the robbers do not go what they came for, they may abscond empty-handed .
a) get away chop-chop
b) go abroad with small corporeality of goods
c) get abroad, only with no appurtenances taken by theft
8. After collecting the cash the kidnapper made off .
a) escaped
b) ran abroad
c) made an alibi
Упражнение 7.Переведите предложения на английский язык, опираясь на УК РФ.
1) Статья xiv УК РФ. Понятие преступления.
1. Преступлением признается виновно совершенное общественно опасное деяние, запрещенное настоящим Кодексом под угрозой наказания.
two. Не является преступлением действие (бездействие), хотя формально и содержащее признаки какого-либо деяния, предусмотренного настоящим Кодексом, но в силу малозначительности не представляющее общественной опасности.
2) Статья 15 УК РФ. Категории преступлений.
1. В зависимости от характера и степени общественной опасности деяния, предусмотренные настоящим Кодексом, подразделяются на преступления небольшой тяжести, преступления средней тяжести, тяжкие преступления и особо тяжкие преступления.
ii. Преступлениями небольшой тяжести признаются умышленные и неосторожные деяния, за совершение которых максимальное наказание, предусмотренное настоящим Кодексом, не превышает двух лет лишения свободы.
3. Преступлениями средней тяжести признаются умышленные деяния, за совершение которых максимальное наказание, предусмотренное настоящим Кодексом, не превышает пяти лет лишения свободы, и неосторожные деяния, за совершение которых максимальное наказание, предусмотренное настоящим Кодексом, превышает два года лишения свободы.
4. Тяжкими преступлениями признаются умышленные деяния, за совершение которых максимальное наказание, предусмотренное настоящим Кодексом, не превышает десяти лет лишения свободы.
5. Особо тяжкими преступлениями признаются умышленные деяния, за совершение которых настоящим Кодексом предусмотрено наказание в виде лишения свободы на срок свыше десяти лет или более строгое наказание.
iii) Умысел – это форма вины преступника, при которой он осознаёт общественно опасный характер своих действий и предвидит неизбежность возможных последствий
4) Статья xx УК РФ. Возраст, с которого наступает уголовная ответственность
ane. Уголовной ответственности подлежит лицо, достигшее ко времени совершения преступления шестнадцатилетнего возраста.
2. Лица, достигшие ко времени совершения преступления четырнадцатилетнего возраста, подлежат уголовной ответственности за убийство, умышленное причинение тяжкого вреда здоровью, похищение человека, изнасилование, кражу, грабеж, разбой, вымогательство, захват заложника и др.
Упражнение 8. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова.
bullies burglar dealers drink driving fine gangs graffiti hooligans judge mugged robbers shoplifting speeding theft violence
one. A _______ broke into our business firm while we were away this weekend and stole our video.
2. Drug ________ who sell heroin to teenagers are among the worst kind of criminals.
iii. Car _______ in this surface area is increasing. Fifty cars were stolen last calendar week.
4. Xiv football ________ were arrested afterward the friction match. They were fighting and throwing bottles onto the pitch.
5. He should have taken a taxi domicile subsequently the political party. He got stopped by the police force and lost his licence for _________.
vi. He was doing 80 kilometres an hour in the eye of town. He was caught ________on a camera.
7. He's scared to walk dwelling house from school on his own considering last week some ________in the year to a higher place him broke his personal stereo.
eight. If you park on a double yellow line, you might get a parking _______.
9. In court, the _______ said he should stay in prison for the rest of his life.
10. She was arrested for ________. She stole a pair of jeans and a sweater from a clothes shop.
11. Some people think that the _________ on Television set and in films leads to crime.
12. The health centre wall has some big scarlet ________ on it. They'll take to repaint the wall.
thirteen. There was a large fight between two ________ of teenagers outside the club. Seventeen people were hurt.
14. Two armed bank _______ got abroad with ₤ 50,000 yesterday.
fifteen. Two guys _______ a friend of mine recently and ran off with her purse.
Упражнение 9. Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова.
· sentence · criminal · offence · judge · jury
· kidnapping · reward · trial · ransom · arrest
At that place are many different kinds of crimes. one)____, taking somebody away and demanding a 2)_____for their return, is a particularly serious 3)_____. The law often offer a iv)_____, which is sometimes quite a substantial sum of money, for data leading to the 5)______ of a 6)_______. It is not always easy for a vii)_____to determine whether the suspect is guilty or not. The eight)______of a suspect oft takes days, or even weeks. Having decided on their verdict, the jury do non, all the same, take to decide how long a 9)_____ to give. That is the task of the x)_____.
Упражнение ten. Напишите преступление, опираясь на данное определение и первую букву нужного слова.
1. breaking in to steal something b_______
two. driving more than quickly than the limit s_______
3. killing unintentionally m_______
4. killing intentionally m_______
5. attacking and robbing violently m_______
6. the deed of stealing t________
Упражнение 11. Опишите данные картинки – какие преступления представлены на картинках и какие меры предосторожности предпринять?
Упражнение 12. Решите кроссворд.
Beyond
3. (north.) The legal dissolution of a marriage.
6. (n.) A person who takes abroad people by forcefulness and demands money for their return.
8. (adj.) Non guilty.
9. (northward.) A police officer or a private investigator whose function is to obtain information and evidence of illegal action.
11. (v.) To take the property of some other or others without permission or correct.
fourteen. (due north.) A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment; in law, the documentary or oral statements and the fabric objects advertisingmissible as testimony in court.
16. (five.) To seize by the dominance of the constabulary; to make someone a prisoner.
17. (northward.) A claim by an accused person of having been elsewhere when an crime was committed.
DOWN
ane. (n.) A correctional institution meant for penalisation and/or rehabilitation of offenders.
2. (northward.) A public official who hears and decides cases in a law courtroom.
4. (n.) A person who suffers injury, loss, or death as a effect of criminal activities or other circumstances.
v. (adj.) Prohibited by police or by official rules.
vii. (n.) A penalty inflicted for an offence.
10. (adj.) Relating to the rights of private individuals and legal proceedings apropos these rights as distinguished from criminal proceedings.
12. (northward.) The deed of putting someone to death equally a lawful penalisation.
13 (n.) The illegitimate use of force and violence to create fear in society to gain a political or some other objective when innocent people suffer.
15. (v.) To take or receive (holding, a right, a title, etc.) past succession or volition
Тема 12. Kinds of cases
Упражнение i.Прочитайте текст, переведите и выпишите русские эквиваленты к выделенным словам и выражениям.
Civil Cases
Civil cases are usually disputes between or amid private citizens, corporations, governments, authorities agencies, and other organizations. Virtually oftentimes, the party bringing the suit is request for money amercement for some wrong that has been washed. For testple, a tenant may sue a landlord for failure to prepare a leaky roof, or a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company they feel is responsible for the injury.
The party bringing the arrange is called the plaintiff; the party being sued is called the defendant. There may be many plaintiffs or many defendants in the same example.
The plaintiff starts the lawsuit by filing a paper called a complaint, in which the instance against the defendant is stated. The next newspaper filed is usually the answer, in which the defendant disputes what the plaintiff has said in the complaint. The defendant may also feel that in that location has been a incorrect committed by the plaintiff, in which case a counterclaim will be filed along with the respond. It is up to the plaintiff to show the instance again the defendant. In each civil case the guess tells the jury the extent to which the plaintiff must prove the case. This is called the plaintiff'due south brunt of proof, a burden that the plaintiff must run across in order to win. In nearly civil cases the plaintiff'due south burden is to bear witness the case by a preponderance of bear witness, that is, that the plaintiff's version of what happened in the instance is more probably true than not true.
Jury verdicts practice not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only 10 jurors demand to concur upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors: five must concur if in that location are half-dozen jurors.
Criminal Cases
A criminal case is brought by the state or past a metropolis or county against a person or persons accused of having committed a criminal offense. The land, city, or canton is chosen the plaintiff; the accused person is chosen the defendant. The chargeast confronting the defendant is chosen an information or a complaint. The defendant has pleaded non guilty and you should presume the accused's innocence throughout the entire trial unless the plaintiff proves the defendant guilty. The plaintiff'southward brunt of proof is greater in criminal case than in a civil instance. In each criminal example you hear the judge volition tell you all the elements of the crime that the plaintiff must testify; the plaintiff must prove each of these elements beyond reasonable doubt before the defendant can be plant guilty.
In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the accused is guilty in lodge to overcome the presumption of innocence.
Упражнение 2.Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты к следующим словам и выражениям.
1. заявление об обвинении
2. элемент (состава) преступления
3. презумпция невиновности
4. показания
v. истец
6. судебное разбирательство (three)
7. частные лица
8. денежная компенсация ущерба
9. единогласное решение присяжных
10. наличие более веских доказательств
11. возражения ответчика по делу
12. ответчик
13. встречный иск
14. бремя доказывания
15. ответственность за ущерб
16. подать иск /возбудить дело
17. доказывать
18. заявить о своей невиновности
Упражнение 3.Переведите следующие определения.
DEFENDANT– (crim.) person charged with a offense; (civ.) person or entity against whom a civil action is brought.
ACTION– proceeding taken in court synonymous to example, conform, lawsuit.
PREPONDERANCE OF EVIDENCE–ways that the weight of evidence presented past one side is more than convincing to the trier of facts than the prove presented by the opposing side.
PLAINTIFF– the party who begins an action, complains or sues.
COUNTERCLAIM– claim presented past a defendant in opposition to the claim of the plaintiff.
COMPLAINT– (crim.) formal written charge that a person has committed a criminal offence; (civ.) initial document filed by a plaintiff which starts the merits against the accused.
Упражнение 4.Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами.
| one) show for the plaintiff 2) judgment for the plaintiff 3) plaintiff's claim 4) to appear for the plaintiff 5) to call the plaintiff half dozen) witness by the plaintiff | a) вызывать истца в суд b) выступать в суде в качестве адвоката истца c) доказательства в пользу истца d) исковое требование e) свидетель, выставленный истцом f) судебное решение в пользу истца |
Упражнение 5.Слово DEFENDANT имеет следующие значения:
Ответчик
civil defendant – ответчик
Обвиняемый
bailed accused – обвиняемый или подсудимый, освобождённый (из-под стражи) под залог
Подсудимый
judgement for the defendant – судебное решение в пользу ответчика
Соотнесите английские выражения с их русскими эквивалентами:
| one) bedevilled defendant 2) defendant in custody 3) accused'south tape 4) defendant's story 5) defendant's witness | a) подсудимый, содержащийся под стражей b) осуждённый c) досье подсудимого d) свидетель, выставленный ответчиком eastward) версия, выдвинутая обвиняемым |
Упражнение half-dozen.Заполните пропуски, используя следующие слова. confessed court custody guilty arrested trial tried executed statements denied
convicted research (* 2) sentenced jury execution innocent charged entreatment dropped pardon judges plea apprehended hunt suspect
The story began when a man called Timothy Evans was (ane)……..for the murder of his wife and baby. He was (2)…….with the double murder, simply a short fourth dimension later one of the charges was (3)…..and he was (4)……for the murder of his daughter only. During the (5)……Evans accused the man whose house he had been living in, John Christie, of the crimes, but no attention was paid to him. The (half-dozen)…….found Evans (7)……. and he was (8)…….to death. An (9)…….was turned down and he was (10)…….. in 1950.
Some time later, more women'due south bodies were discovered in Christie's house: two, iii, four, v, half-dozen. John Christie was the police'south chief (11)…….and they started a nation-wide (12)…..for him. He was soon (13)…… Alleged (14)…….by Christie while he was in (xv)……cast doubt on the Evans hanging. When he went to (sixteen)……., Christie (17)……that he had murdered Mrs Evans, only in private information technology was said that he (18)……to that crime. His (19)……of insanity with regard to other murders was rejected and he was (20)….. of killing his wife.
Shortly afterwards in that location was an (21)……into the (22)……of Timothy Evans. The (23)……decided that justice had been done and Evans had been rightly hanged. It was only in 1966 that another (24)……was prepare. This time information technology was decided that Evans had probably been (25)……. And he was given a gratuitous (26)…… Better late than never, as they say.
Упражнение vii. Прочитайте и переведите текст о поведении в зале суда.
Source: https://studopedia.net/3_62344_tema--Classifications-of-crimes.html
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